The State of Tribunals Report in India, 2025

Drawing on data analysis, legal research, and stakeholder consultations, the report highlights the economic stakes of tribunal reform and offers pathways for change. It argues that piecemeal fixes are inadequate; instead, reforms must strengthen institutional independence, fill capacity gaps, streamline procedures, and build modern, technology-enabled systems. A National Tribunals Commission, unified administrative structures, and judicial impact assessments are proposed as systemic solutions.

By treating tribunals not merely as auxiliary forums but as central to India’s economic governance, the report underscores their role in investor confidence, contract enforcement, and ease of doing business, making tribunal reform a strategic national priority.